Operations best suited for adoption a variety of factors make an application well suited for hydrogen fuel cell lift trucks. In addition, the handbook includes a separate section on alkaline fuel cells. Hydrogen fuel cells and fuel cell electric vehicles green. In the1960s, international fuel cells in windsor connecticut developed a fuel cell power. Technology roadmap hydrogen and fuel cells e n e r g y t e c h n olo g y p r s p e c t i v e s. The fuel cells are intended to complement the existing diesel generator, which is used to deliver power to the three phase system and to charge the batteries used for the low.
Merewether abstract fuel cells are important future sources of electrical power and could contribute to a reduction in the amount of petro leum imported by the united states. Regenerative fuel cells can also be used with solar power or other sources of electricity to split water produced as a byproduct into hydrogen. Its publication reflects the increasing importance of and the rapidly growing rate of research into alternative, clean sources of energy. Fuel cells and hydrogen fch technology can be a key enabler to reduce emissions and realise the green energy transition in european regions and cities. Alternative sources of energy an introduction to fuel cells. Irena is grateful for the generous support of the government of japan.
An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology ogniwa. The adoption of hydrogen fuel cellpowered lift trucks. A complete, uptodate, introductory guide to fuel cell technology and application. In chapter, the systematic design of fuel cell hybrid drive trains is introduced. Apr 22, 2016 fuel cell fundamentals provides a thorough introduction to the principles and practicalities behind fuel cell technology.
The efficiency characteristics of fuel cells compared with other electric power generating systems are shown in. In 2017 the fch ju launched an initiative to support regions and cities in this regard. Fuel cells an introduction by jens oluf jensen, dtu and erik henneso, danish power systems dps version 2, 2017 what is a fuel cell. First, calculation examples for fuel cells are included for the wide variety of possible applications.
Modeling electricity, heat, and hydrogen generation. Box 880 morgantown, west virginia 265070880 november 2004. The main parts of a pem fuel cell are described below. Fy 2016 annual rogress eport 3 doe ydrogen and fuel cells rogram james trategic analysis inc. Regenerative fuel cells can also be used with solar power or other sources of electricity to split water produced as a byproduct into hydrogen and oxygen in a process referred to as electrolysis. Like other fuel cells, regenerative fuel cells produce electricity from oxygen and hydrogen and emit heat and water as byproducts. The intermediate temperature solidstate fuel cell section is being developed. In addition, direct dc power from the fuel cell system eliminates the capital cost and operating conversion losses from systems that use energy storage microsoft research technical report msrtr201437. Fuel cell handbook, fourth edition technical report.
Simple maintenance and fewer site visits mean up to 84% lower operational costs when compared to combustion generators. F fuel cells testin and technical assessment 2016 automotive fuel cell stack component investigation in an effort to obtain current manufacturing costs for automotive fuel cell components, vendors were asked. Polymer electrolyte membrane pem fuel cells are the current focus of research for fuel cell vehicle applications. Multiyear research, development and demonstration plan page 3. Yet we take it for granted and energy demand continues to grow, year after. Vehicles were retired due to performance loss, end of fuel cell life, end of vehicle test, or other catastrophic failure unrelated to the fuel cell system. Commercial fuel cells are used today in wide range of applications, with tens of thousands now.
Beginning with the underlying concepts, the discussion explores fuel cell thermodynamics, kinetics, transport, and modeling before moving into the application side with guidance on system. Pdf fuel cells are highly efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion devices that are. The idea for this thesis was to design a specification of requirements for a fuel cell system for the electric power production in a 77foot sailing ship named ts prolific. Each of these topics is discussed in more detail in the current state of the industry chapter. Figure 2 proton exchange membrane fuel cell pemfc diagram, a 1 kw pemfc stack, and a 1. Pdf fuel cells and their applications researchgate. Clearly hydrogen fuel cells do not entirely eliminate co2 emissions unless the hydrogen is generated without combusting or reforming hydrocarbon fuels, e. Further, the paper looks to introduce both the technical and economic issues facing the introduction of this technology.
Toyotas first fuel cell prototype, a hydrogen fuel cell powered rav4, was demonstrated in 1996. The bq27x10evmbased circuit module is an example circuit for battery fuel gauging of a singlecell li ionlipolymer battery pack. Commercial fuel cells are used today in wide range of applications, with tens of thousands now operating in the u. For a fuel cell operating under constant load conditions, at a relative humidity close to 100% and at a temperature of maximum 75 c, using optimal stack and flow design, the voltage degradation can be as. However, fuel cells only need replacement every ten years, resulting in a lower life cycle cost, reduced disruption to operations and minimal environmental impact. As an avid researcher of alternative fuels and an ambitious chemistry student, this researcher understands the importance of a shift to a hydrogen economy. Sumit thakur ece seminars fuel cell seminar and ppt with pdf report. Fuel cells generate energy through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, a process that is inherently clean and efficient. Fy 016 ual rogress eport 2 doe ydrogen d uel ells rogram jame strategi analysis inc. Technologies and applications the open fuel cells journal, 20, volume 6 11 the drawback of the technology is that dmfc actually detain an efficiency around 35 % which is the lowest among. Users also select fuel costs and demand priority i. This calls for immediate actions to promote greenhouse gas emissionsfree energy sources such as renewable energy sources, alternative fuels for transport and. Ford continued its development of fuel cell powertrains and in 2007 launched a fleet of 30 fuel cell equipped focus cars for testing in the us, canada and germany.
Study on development of business cases for fuel cells and. We evaluate and characterize the performance and the dynamic load following capability of the fuel cell. Introduction to biofuel university of california, berkeley. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience.
Benefits and obstacles to the success of fuel cells and the development of a hydrogenbased economy. Design of a fuel cell system chalmers publication library cpl. Pdf electrochemical energy production using fuel cell. Department of energy hydrogen and fuel cell technology.
Hydrogen energy and fuel cells european commission europa eu. Roland roesch, asami miketa, aakarshan vaid and sean ratka irena also provided valuable support. Fuel cells offer a highly efficient way to use diverse energy sources and, as a result, have demonstrated lower energy use and emissions when compared with conventional technologies. There have been five revisions of this suv concept since, each with improved fuel cells and electric drivetrains. Pdf fuel cell technology handbook download full pdf. International energy agency the international energy agency iea, an autonomous agency, was established in november 1974. Solid oxide fuel cell development fuelcell energy, inc. Fuel cells are energy conversion systems that efficiently generate electricity for. Our work, leisure, and our economic, social and physical welfare all depend on the sufficient, uninterrupted supply of energy. This handbook provides a foundation in fuel cells for persons wanting a better understanding. Also visit this web site to download the most updated version of the model. With internationally renowned editors, international advisory board members, and contributors from.
Ryan ohayre, phd, is a professor of metallurgical and materials engineering at the colorado. The figure includes both in service vehicles and those that have been retired during the evaluation. Fuel cells for stationary power, auxiliary power, and specialty vehicles the largest markets for fuel cells today are in stationary power, portable power, auxiliary power units, and forklifts more than 35,000 fuel cells shipped in 20 a consistent 30% annual growth since 2010 fuel cells can be a costcompetitive option for criticalload. Sustainability clean technology as a clean technology, fuel cells have minimal impact on the environment. Fuel cell seminar report with ppt and pdf parts of fuel cells there are 4 main parts anode cathode catalyst proton exchange membrane types of. Fuel cell fundamentals provides a thorough introduction to the principles and practicalities behind fuel cell technology. This includes transportation and auxiliary power applications for the first time. First fuel cellfirst fuel cell 3 in 1839, william grove, a british jurist and amateur physicist, first discovered the principle of the fuel cell. This page contains fuel cell seminar and ppt with pdf report. This additional benefit favors the fuel cell vehicle. Grove utilized four cells, each containing hydrogen and oxygen, to produce electric power which was then used to split the water in. Beginning with the underlying concepts, the discussion explores fuel cell thermodynamics, kinetics, transport, and show all. Production of ion exchange membrane for hydrogen fuel cell alain ilunga mufula a thesis submitted to the faculty of engineering and the built environment, university of the witwatersrand, johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in engineering.
Model is mainly used for analysis of chp systems, but can also model building integration with solar panels and fuel cells. Tim karlsson the international partnership for hydrogen and fuel cells in the economy, iphe. Besides cost reduction, durability is the most important issue to be solved before commercialisation of pem fuel cells can be successful. B a fuel cell gue regulations, codes, and standards for the deployment of stationary fuel cells important notice the purpose of this reference guide is to provide an overview of regulations, codes, standards, permitting processes, fuel supply considerations, information, and technologies relating to the deployment of stationary fuel cells. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. They are electrochemi cal devices similar to a battery and consist of a container, an. An electrochemical cell or a fuel cell is a device that either converts the chemical. Fuel cell electric vehicle durability and fuel cell. An introduction to fuel cell technology and economics. This configuration actively controls the power from the fuel cell using either a loadleveling or power assist strategy. This four volume set brings together for the first time in a single reference work the fundamentals, principles and the current stateoftheart in fuel cells. An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology by brian cook, heliocentris vancouver, canada whereas the 19th century was the century of the steam engine and the 20th century was the century of the internal combustion engine, it is likely that the 21st century will be the century of the fuel cell. An overview of fuel cells currently under development.
Effects of different powertrain configurations and control. Progress continues in fuel cell technology since the previous edition of the fuel cell handbook was published in november 1998. Fuel cell handbook national energy technology laboratory. Durability and degradation issues of pem fuel cell. Fuel cells in 2016 report over 235mw over 8,000 backup power units d e p l o y e d o r o n o r d e r. Fuel cell engine technology hydrogen fuel cell engines and related technologies. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. Fuel cells used for backup power in more than 40 states source. Shipment numbers grew further, lots of groundwork was laid, serious players entered and invested in the sector buses and other heavyduty applications are starting to get real traction.
Table 10 policies supporting fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen. Molten carbonate fuel cell mcfc, solid oxide fuel cell sofc are explained, describing. Fuel cells are mainly classified by the characteristics affecting their performance like the type of catalysts, electrolyte used, the fuel required and temperaturerange 1, 2. Creates electricity through electrochemical process. Hydrogen is an energy carrier that can be used in internal combustion engines or fuel cells producing virtually no. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that use hydrogen. Fuel cell seminar report with ppt and pdf study mafia. Uppermost, polymer electrolyte fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and solid oxide fuel cells have been demonstrated at commercial size in power plants. Materials for proton exchange membranes and membrane electrode assemblies for pem fuel cells fcb035e september 2015 donald saxman project analyst isbn. Ford began actively pursuing fuel cells at the turn of the millennium with several fuel cell focus models demonstrated in 2000 and 2001. Fuel cells are electrical batteries that are characterised by the active materials on the electrodes being replenished continuously. Pem fuel cells are made from several layers of different materials. Materials for proton exchange membranes and membrane. Stationary fuel cells and critical power applications.
Grove utilized four cells, each containing hydrogen and oxygen, to produce electric power which was then used to split the water in the smaller upper cell into hydrogen and oxygen. In chapter 12, different fuel cell systems are described, mainly focusing on their operation principles and characteristics, technologies, and fuel supplies. The dcdc converter can maximize the utilization of energy storage if an ultracapacitor unit is utilized. The only emissions from fuel cells are water and heat, both of which can be recovered and put to use. Department of energy office of fossil energy national energy technology laboratory p. Fuel cell handbook, fourth edition technical report osti. Vehicular applications of fuel cells are also explained.